• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a plate 2 collector / distributor / heat exchange column exchanger and / or material between a gas and a liquid comprising means for passage of the liquid 14 and caissons 4 for the passage of gas to which are attached bubbling means 15. The bubbling means make it possible to create an emulsion zone on the upper part of the distributor / exchanger plate 2. The invention also relates to an exchange column comprising such a distributor plate and the use of such a column.
    公开号:FR3030309A1
    申请号:FR1462948
    申请日:2014-12-19
    公开日:2016-06-24
    发明作者:Yacine Haroun；Aude Royon-Lebeaud；Ludovic Raynal
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to the field of gas / liquid contact columns, and more particularly the columns for the gas treatment, 002 collection, dehydration or distillation units. The units for treating gas and / or capturing CO2 by amine washing and / or distillation and / or dehydration comprise exchange columns of material and / or heat between a gas and a liquid, it can be for example act as a column for the absorption and regeneration of fluids, whether liquid or gaseous. These columns operate in gas / liquid flow against the current or co-current. The columns used in these gas treatment units and / or CO2 capture and / or distillation and / or dehydration units generally operate on the principle of an exchange of material and / or heat between the gas and the fluid that circulate in the columns. FIG. 1 shows a particular case of a gas treatment column head 1 equipped with a distributor plate 2. Conventionally, this gas treatment column 1 comprises several sections 3 filled by a contactor, a distributor plate 2 is arranged above each section 3. The gas / liquid contactor brings the gas G and the liquid L into contact so as to allow exchanges. For example, standard distributors 2 used in the absorption / regeneration or distillation columns generally consist of a collector / distributor plate equipped with caissons 4 (also called chimneys) for the passage of gas through the plate (cf. Figure 2). The distribution of the liquid is done by the passage of the liquid in the orifices 5 positioned on the bottom of the plate 2 and the distribution of the gas is done by the caissons 4. Each box 4 allows the passage of the gas, according to the operating mode against current or co-current, from the lower part of the column to the upper part of column 1 or from the upper part to the lower part. The boxes 4 are projecting from one side of the plate 2, and are perpendicular to it. Each box 4 is formed of several walls, for example parallelepipedal or cylindrical, which delimit an internal volume which is open on either side of the plate 2. To prevent the liquid from passing into the boxes 4, the exhaust opening or the arrival of the gas above the plate (according to the mode of operation against the current or co-current), is preferably covered by a cap (also called bevel). The objective of the distributor plate is to distribute the liquid L homogeneously on the gas / liquid contactor 3. In order to optimize the exchanges between the gas and the liquid, numerous distribution trays have been designed. These distributor / collector trays are mainly organized in two main families: - distributor / collector systems with chimneys, as described in patent applications GB1169878A, US4808350A, US4472325A, US4427605A, US4839108A, FR2203659. For this type of systems with chimneys, the distribution of the liquid is via orifices located on the plate or via liquid passage chimneys equipped with orifices or slots (see example of Figure 2), the distribution of the gas is done by chimneys of passage of the gas or caissons. - Systems with distributor boxes powered by a dedicated power supply (upstream collection system or intermediate supply) as described in patent applications US4909967, US4816191, US4981265, DE2752391, W08802647, FR2569129 or distributor / collector with boxes for the passage of gas as described in patent applications US4689183, US5132055, US4432913.
    [0002] However, these liquid distribution systems do not contribute to the exchange of material and / or heat in the column and therefore represent a height of the column, for which no exchange between the fluids is achieved. Thus, these distribution systems represent "height losses" in terms of column efficiency.
    [0003] In addition, there are in the prior art, exchange-type contactors. These trays allow exchanges of heat and material between the fluids, and are stacked in a column without contactor between the trays. These trays do not have a distribution function. Figure 3 describes the operating mode of a conventional exchange tray.
    [0004] The liquid flows from an upper plate 7a to a lower plate 7b, passing through an upper weir 6, then along the exchange zone on the plate 7b, to pass over the dam 8 towards the weir lower 9. The gas from the lower plate 10 flows countercurrently into the column through the valves or perforations (not shown) located on the plate 7b. The gas forms bubbles on the exchange zone 6 and disengages the liquid in the zones 12 and 13 to pass to the upper plate 7a. The weirs of the exchange contactor plates are conventionally located at the periphery of the tray for the one-pass trays, but may be located on central sections for the multi-pass trays depending on the diameter of the column. There are many variants for tray type contactors. A first type is the valve plate as described in patent applications WO9924135A1, CA1253432A, US3399871A. A second type is the perforated tray as illustrated in US4504426A, US5213719A. However, a good distribution and a good distribution of the liquid, in particular to feed a contactor (packing) are not provided by such an exchange tray. Such trays can not be used as a distributor tray.
    [0005] The invention relates to a collection tray / distributor / heat exchange column exchanger and / or material between a gas and a liquid comprising means for passing the liquid and boxes for the passage of gas to which are attached means for gas bubbling. The bubbling means make it possible to create an emulsion zone on the upper part of the distributor / exchanger plate. Thus, the distributor / exchanger plate according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an increase in exchanges of material and / or heat between the fluids while ensuring a good distribution of the liquid. The device according to the invention The invention relates to a distributor plate for a heat exchange column and / or a material between a gas and a liquid comprising at least one box projecting from the upper part of said plate for the passage of said gas. through said plate and at least one means for the passage of said liquid through said plate. Said box comprises at least one bubbling means of said gas.
    [0006] According to the invention, said box is substantially parallelepipedic. According to one aspect of the invention, said bubbling means comprises at least one valve and / or slot of said box. Advantageously, said slot has substantially a rectangular shape. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal direction of said slot is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said box. Alternatively, the longitudinal direction of said slot is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of said box. According to one embodiment, said slot is covered with a cap. According to one characteristic of the invention, said valve is substantially rectangular.
    [0007] According to an alternative, said valve is substantially cylindrical. Preferably, said means for the passage of the liquid comprise a plurality of orifices and / or chimneys. Advantageously, said chimneys protrude in the upper part of said plate and / or in the lower part of said plate.
    [0008] According to one aspect of the invention, said plate comprises a plurality of liquid passage means uniformly distributed on said plate. In addition, the invention relates to a heat exchange column and / or material between a gas and a liquid, wherein the two fluids are brought into contact by means of a lining. Said column comprises at least one distributor plate according to the invention for distributing said fluids on said packing.
    [0009] In addition, the invention relates to a use of a column according to the invention, for a gas treatment process, capture of 002, distillation, dehydration or transformation of air.
    [0010] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the method according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
    [0011] FIG. 1, already described, illustrates the particular case of a gas treatment or CO2 capture column head equipped with a distributor plate. Figure 2, already described, illustrates a distributor tray according to the prior art. Figure 3, already described, illustrates a tray type contactor according to the prior art. Figure 4 illustrates a distributor tray according to one embodiment of the invention.
    [0012] Figures 5a to 5e show a portion of a distributor plate according to several embodiments of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a distributor plate for a heat exchange column and / or material between a gas and a liquid, conventionally comprising at least one means for the passage of gas through the plate, such as a box protruding from the upper part of the plate, at least one means for the passage of the liquid through the plate. The distributor plate makes it possible to form a liquid guard on its upper surface, that is to say a height of liquid located on the upper face of the plate. The boxes are projecting on the upper part of the plate (oriented towards the top of the column). The distributor plate according to the invention is suitable for flow against the current in the heat exchange column and / or material, the gas rising through the boxes and the liquid down through the chimneys and the distribution means . Conventionally, the distributor / exchanger plate is substantially cylindrical.
    [0013] According to the invention, at least one box comprises means for bubbling the gas. Advantageously, all the caissons comprise means for bubbling the gas, so as to increase the exchange of heat and / or material between the fluids. Alternatively, only some caissons comprise gas bubbling means, so as to optimize the exchange / congestion compromise. A bubbling means of the gas allows, when traversed by the gas, to form gas bubbles in the liquid guard on the upper surface of the plate, which generates an emulsion zone, in which the transfer of material and / or heat between the liquid and the gas, in the form of bubbles, can take place. In this way, the useful height of the plate also contributes to the exchange of heat and / or material, in addition to exchanges made in the contactor. Thus, the distribution system does not constitute a "loss of height" in the efficiency of the column. A column containing such a distributor plate may therefore be of reduced height, which allows a reduction in the cost of the column. Preferably, the bubbling means of the gas are located in the upper part of the boxes, in particular on the horizontal upper wall of the boxes. The bubbling means of the gas may comprise a valve, the opening of which generates gas bubbles. The opening of the valve is achieved by the pressure of the gas. The valve may comprise a part movable in rotation about an axis. Alternatively, the valve may comprise a part in vertical translation relative to the plate. According to another embodiment, the gas bubbling means may comprise slots in the box. Alternatively, the plate comprises a plurality of bubbling means comprising both at least one valve and at least one slot. Advantageously, the slots may have a shape and / or dimensions adapted to directly form bubbles, to minimize the loss of load and to limit the wailing (liquid flowing in the box). The slots can have different shapes: rectangular, circular, elliptical, triangular ... In order to increase the formation of bubbles, the slots can be covered by a cap disposed above the slot, and raised relative to the box. The cap can also prevent the liquid from entering the box. The box for the passage of the gas allows, for a column operating against the current, the passage of the gas from below to the top of the tray. Advantageously, the box for the passage of gas has a substantially parallelepiped shape, so as to provide a wide opening to the passage of gas, which limits the pressure losses. In addition, when the distributor plate has several boxes for the passage of gas, they can be arranged parallel to each other. The caissons for the passage of gas are equipped with a bubbling system. Contrary to the case where the bubbling means would be directly at the level of the plate, the projection of the caissons relative to the plate (and thus the bubbling means) makes it possible to avoid disturbing the distribution and the flow of the liquid, which favors a uniform distribution of the liquid.
    [0014] The boxes are adapted to be immersed, that is to say they have a height less than the height of the liquid guard provided on the upper surface of the tray. Thus, the gas, in the form of a bubble, is injected into the liquid.
    [0015] The means for the passage of the liquid allow the passage of the liquid from the top of the tray to the bottom. According to one embodiment of the invention, the means for the passage of the liquid through the tray are composed of a set of chimneys that can project from the upper side of the tray and / or the lower side of the tray. The chimneys may be substantially cylindrical. According to another embodiment of the invention, the liquid passage means through the tray are composed of a set of orifices made in the tray. According to another embodiment of the invention, the means for the passage of the liquid through the plate comprise both chimneys and orifices. These means for the passage of the liquid are arranged between the boxes for the passage of gas. The number of means for the passage of the liquid is advantageously greater than the number of boxes for the passage of the gas. The pitch of the means for the passage of the liquid can be triangular or square. In order to achieve a good distribution of the liquid and a good distribution of the liquid on the contactor (packing), the means for the passage of the liquid are uniformly distributed on the plate, that is to say located on the entire surface of the plateau, between the caissons. The means for the passage of the liquid allow, in normal operation, a sufficient liquid flow ensuring a liquid guard on the upper plate at the height of the boxes.
    [0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a first embodiment of a distributor / exchanger plate according to the invention. Figure 4 is a sectional view of a portion of the distributor plate / exchanger. The first embodiment of the invention relates to a distributor plate / heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange column and / or material between a gas and a liquid, typically comprising at least one box 4 for the passage of gas through the plate, at least one gas bubbling means and at least one liquid distribution system 14. According to the non-limiting example of Figure 4, the gas bubbling means may be a valve 15 for creating a zone of LG emulsion in the liquid guard, and thus allowing exchanges between the fluids on the upper part of the tray. However, the bubbling means can be achieved by other means, such as those described above. The distributor plate 2 makes it possible to form a guard of liquid on its lower zone, of a height L1. According to the non-limiting example of Figure 4, the means for the passage of the liquid is a chimney 14 projecting on the lower part of the plate. However, the means for the passage of the liquid can be achieved by other means, in particular by orifices located in the plate 2. For this embodiment, the casing 4 and the bubbling system 5 are projecting on the part upper plate 2 (oriented towards the top of the column), while the liquid distribution system 14 is projecting on the lower part of the plate 2 (facing down the column). The caisson 4 and the bubbling means 15 of the gas allow, for a counter-current column, the passage of the gas from below to the top of the tray. Advantageously, the box for the passage of the gas 4 has a substantially parallelepiped shape on which are disposed the bubbling means 15 of the gas. FIGS. 5a to 5e show in a nonlimiting and non-exhaustive manner five alternative embodiments of a distributor / exchanger plate according to the invention. Figures 5a to 5e are sectional views of a dispenser plate / exchanger portion.
    [0017] For these alternative embodiments, the means for the passage of the liquid are orifices 5 situated in the plate 2. However, these variant embodiments may be combined with other embodiments of the means for the passage of the liquid, for example those described previously. ; the means for the passage of the liquid may in particular be chimneys.
    [0018] As illustrated, the boxes 4 have a substantially parallelepiped shape. However, these alternative embodiments may be adapted also to other forms of caissons: cylindrical, cubic, hexahedral ... According to the embodiment of Figure 5a, the gas bubbling means consist of a series of cylindrical valves 15 arranged on each box. Preferably, the valves 15 may be uniformly distributed over the box. Alternatively, the valves may have other shapes, including rectangular. In addition, each box may comprise a single valve 15. According to the embodiment of Figure 5b, the bubbling means of the gas is in the form of a parallelepipedal slot substantially the length of a gas box. As illustrated, the slot may be covered with a cap 16, which is raised relative to the box. The cap 16 contributes to the formation of gas bubbles. According to the alternative embodiments of Figures Sc, 5d and 5e, the bubbling means of the gas are in the form of a plurality of rectangular slots 17. For the variant embodiment of FIG. Sc, the slots 17 are arranged along the main direction (longitudinal direction) of the box 4. As illustrated in a nonlimiting manner, each box 4 may comprise a plurality of series of several slots 17. For the variant embodiment of FIG. 5d, the slots 17 are arranged perpendicular to the main direction (longitudinal direction) of the box 4. Each box 4 may comprise a plurality of series of several slots 17. In the embodiment of FIG. 5e, the slots 17 are arranged in the form of several series arranged in staggered rows. The slots 17 are arranged in the main direction of the box 4. These examples are not exhaustive; other possibilities of implementation of gas bubbling means can be envisaged.
    [0019] The invention also relates to a column for the exchange of material and / or heat between two fluids, in which two fluids are brought into contact by means of at least one gas / liquid contactor, the column comprising at least a first inlet of a liquid fluid, at least a second inlet of a gaseous fluid, at least a first outlet of a gaseous fluid and at least a second outlet of a liquid fluid. The column further comprises at least one distributor plate / exchanger as described above, to allow the distribution of fluids on the contactor. Preferably, the column comprises a plurality of sections comprising a contactor, a distributor plate as described above being disposed in each section.
    [0020] The useful height of each plate also contributing to the exchange of heat and / or material, in addition to exchanges made in the contactor, the exchange column does not include "loss of height" in terms of efficiency. the column. A column containing such a distributor plate may therefore be lower, which allows a small footprint and a decrease in the cost of the column.
    [0021] Advantageously, the gas / liquid contactor is a structured packing bed. Alternatively, the gas / liquid contactor is a loose packing bed. Preferably, the gas and the liquid flow in the countercurrent column. The column according to the invention can be used in processes of gas treatment, CO 2 capture (for example by washing with amines), distillation, dehydration, or air transformation. The invention can be used with any type of solvent. Example: To illustrate the advantages of the present invention, it is proposed to compare the results obtained by absorption column equipped with the present invention to those obtained by a column according to the prior art. This is a case of deacidification of the CO2 acid compound of a natural gas to reach a target specification (spec) of 2% at the outlet of the absorber. The process employs a methyl ether-type amine solvent (MDEA) 40% by weight, in a reactive absorption column equipped with structured packing and distributor plate / collector of the gas phase (natural gas) and liquid (solvent). The properties of the absorption columns according to the invention and according to the prior art are described below: Properties of the column according to the prior art: Number of collecting tray / distributor according to the prior art: 5 Height of the collecting trays / distributor: 1 m Number of structured packing bed: 4 Effective area of packing: 250 m2 / m3 Height per bed: 8 m Solvent flow: QL = 46 m3 / m2 / h Gas flow rate: Fs = 2 (m / s) (kg / m3) ° 5 Pressure: 40 bar Temperature: 40 ° C. Concentration of CO2 of the input charge: 8% Property of the column according to the invention: Number of collecting tray / distributor-exchanger according to the invention : 5 Manifold / distributor plate height: 1 m Number of structured packing beds: 4 Effective packing area: 250 m2 / m3 Height per bed: 8 m Solvent flow: QL = 46 m3 / m2 / h Gas flow rate: Fs = 2 (m / s) (kg / m3) ° 5 Pressure: 40 bar Temperature: 40 ° C Concentration of CO2 in the feedstock: 8% The performances obtained are shown in Table 1. In the latter, the evolution of the concentration of CO2 in the feedstock at different stages of the column is presented. A floor corresponds to a column height incorporating a bed of packing and a distributor tray. The results show that the use of exchanger-distributor-exchanger trays according to the invention allows a better transfer efficiency in the absorption column. Indeed, with the present invention, the specification is reached after a lower height compared to a conventional column. The absorption column equipped with a collecting tray / distributor / exchanger thus allows a significant gain in column height of about 6 m, a decrease of about 15% in the total height of the absorber. Table 1. Performances Column height input Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 CO2 `) / 0 (prior art) 8.0 4.4 3.3 2.6 2.0 CO2`) / 0 (according to the invention) 8.0 3.7 2.9 2.2 1.610
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1) Dispenser tray for heat exchange column and / or material between a gas and a liquid comprising at least one box (4) projecting on the upper part of said plate (2) for the passage of said gas through said tray and at least one means for the passage of said liquid (5, 14) through said plate (2), characterized in that said box (4) comprises at least one bubbling means (15, 16, 17) of said gas.
    [0002]
    2) Tray according to claim 1, wherein said box (4) is substantially parallelepiped.
    [0003]
    3) plate according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said bubbling means comprises at least one valve (15) and / or a slot (17) of said box.
    [0004]
    4) Tray according to claim 3, wherein said slot (16, 17) has substantially a rectangular shape.
    [0005]
    5) Tray according to claims 3 and 4, wherein the longitudinal direction of said slot (17) is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said box (4).
    [0006]
    6) Tray according to claims 3 and 4, wherein the longitudinal direction of said slot (17) is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of said box (4).
    [0007]
    7) Tray according to one of claims 3 to 6, wherein said slot (17) is covered with a cap (16).
    [0008]
    8) Tray according to claim 3, wherein said valve (15) is substantially rectangular.
    [0009]
    9) Tray according to claim 3, wherein said valve (15) is substantially cylindrical.
    [0010]
    10) Tray according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said means for the passage of the liquid comprises a plurality of orifices (5) and / or chimneys (14).
    [0011]
    11) Tray according to claim 10, wherein said chimneys (14) are projecting in the upper part of said plate and / or in the lower part of said plate.
    [0012]
    12) plate according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said plate has a plurality of liquid passage means (5, 14) uniformly distributed on said plate (2).
    [0013]
    13) Column for the exchange of heat and / or material between a gas and a liquid, in which the two fluids are brought into contact by means of a lining (3), characterized in that the said column comprises at least one plate Dispenser (2) according to one of the preceding claims for distributing said fluids on said lining (3).
    [0014]
    14) Use of a column according to claim 13 for a method of gas treatment, capture of CO2, distillation, dehydration or transformation of air.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20160175734A1|2016-06-23|
    FR3030309B1|2016-12-23|
    RU2015153940A|2017-06-21|
    CA2915347A1|2016-06-19|
    CN105709450A|2016-06-29|
    AU2015268696A1|2016-07-07|
    JP2016117060A|2016-06-30|
    EP3034143A1|2016-06-22|
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    法律状态:
    2015-12-11| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-06-24| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160624 |
    2016-12-12| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-12-14| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-09-27| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20190906 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1462948A|FR3030309B1|2014-12-19|2014-12-19|DISPENSING TRAY FOR HEAT EXCHANGE COLUMN AND / OR MATERIAL COMPRISING BULLAGE MEANS|FR1462948A| FR3030309B1|2014-12-19|2014-12-19|DISPENSING TRAY FOR HEAT EXCHANGE COLUMN AND / OR MATERIAL COMPRISING BULLAGE MEANS|
    EP15306849.9A| EP3034143A1|2014-12-19|2015-11-23|Dispenser tray for material and/or heat exchange column comprising bubbling means|
    AU2015268696A| AU2015268696A1|2014-12-19|2015-12-14|Distributor tray for heat and/or material exchange column comprising bubbling means|
    CA2915347A| CA2915347A1|2014-12-19|2015-12-15|Distributor plate for heat and/or matter exchange column including bubbling means|
    RU2015153940A| RU2015153940A|2014-12-19|2015-12-16|DISTRIBUTION PLATE FOR HEAT AND / OR MASS TRANSFER COLUMN CONTAINING A BARBOTING DEVICE|
    CN201510953426.3A| CN105709450A|2014-12-19|2015-12-17|Dispenser tray for material and/or heat exchange column comprising bubbling means|
    JP2015247333A| JP2016117060A|2014-12-19|2015-12-18|Distributor tray for exchange column exchanging heat and/or material comprising bubbling means|
    US14/976,805| US20160175734A1|2014-12-19|2015-12-21|Distributor tray for heat and/or material exchange columncomprising bubbling means|
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